Q.1

Ans.

Three or more aluminium strands twisted together with specific length & direction of lay and having no metallic covering suitable for carrying an electric current.

Q.2

Ans.

a) A.A.C. : All Aluminium Conductor - Conductor having all the individual wires of aluminium only. These are used for low voltage (L.T) distribution lines with short spans.

b) A.C.S.R. : Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced - Aluminium Conductor having a central core of galvanized steel wire(s). This is used for High Voltage (H.T) and Extra High Voltage (E.H.V.) transmission lines with medium to longer spans.

c) A.A.A.C. : All Aluminium Alloy Conductor -Conductor having the individual wires made of aluminium alloyed with Silicon & Magnesium which are heat treated to obtain better tensile strength. These are used for transmission lines in coastal areas.

d) A.C.A.R.: Aluminium Conductor Alloy Reinforced - Aluminium conductor having a central core of aluminium alloy wire(s).

The process in which 9.5 mm diameter redraw wire rod is drawn through series of successively smaller dies in a wire drawing machine. OR It is the process of reducing the cross section of a wire by pulling it through a die or dies at a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature.

It is a specific allowance for deviation from a standard for dimension, weight or property.

It is the vertical distance between a suspended conductor and an imaginary straight line connecting to the point of suspension.

The rations of the lay length of lay to the external diameter of the corresponding layer.

• Based on material Composition: whether A.A.C., A.C.S.R., A.A.A.C.
  A.C.A.R.
   
• Based on total number at wires and their individual diameter (s):
  i) 7/3.10 means seven wires of diameter 3.10mm.
  ii) 54/3.18mm over 7/3.18mm means 54 wires of aluminium of diameter 3.18mm over 7 wires of steel of 3.18mm diameter.
   
• Based on nominal area of cross section in sq.mm.
   
• Based on an industry "Code Word" as registered with The Aluminium association. The word may be of a bird,  flower,  animal, fish etc.

A term used to describe the current carrying capability of a conductor and usually expressed m percentage.

The current carrying capacity of a conductor, of a given size is capable safely without exceeding its own temperature limitations at a defined set of conditions. It depends upon the cross sectional area (of aluminium). Higher the cross sectional area greater the current carrying capacity.

As Conductors constitutes as a major component of a line design, it becomes imperative to select the most appropriate conductor type & size be selected  for optimum operating efficiency.

While selecting a conductor, choose one that exemplifies the best conductivity-to-weight ratio and/or strength-to-weight ratio at a minimal cost for the applications.

The selection of a conductor depends on various aspects, of which some of them are listed below,

• Maximum current of the transmission line (including further increase),
• Type of the line, i.e. whether transmission line or distribution line,
• Distance of the line,
• Atmospheric conditions where it is to be used,
• Economy in cost.